Liminality, the Australian State and Asian Nurse Immigrants
Abstract
Over the last two decades the flow of Asians to Australia through legitimate immigration programs has accelerated. This is particularly the case for Asian nurses coming from countries that were once subjected to European colonisation. The difficulties encountered by nurses from Asian countries mirror those of earlier waves of migrants. These include navigating the language and differences in cultural mores, values, and beliefs, along with the loneliness that may come from leaving strong family ties at home. While racism has been evident for all earlier waves of migrants, Asians face an additional hurdle linked to the uneasy relationship Australians and the Australian state has with Asia. Australia is geographically in Asia, but culturally Anglo and European. The impact this might have on the working relationships of Asian and Australian born registered nurses is significant given the nature of their work in caring for the sick and elderly. This liminal relationship between the Australian state and Asians provides a theoretical insight into the particular difficulties experienced by Asian nurses and the integration programs that might assist them and their Australian colleagues to develop cohesive working relationships.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2005). Nursing and midwifery labour force survey http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442468059 Accessed 13/2/2013
Australian Department of Immigration and Citizenship, (2011). Working in Australia as a nurse http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/medical-practitioners/nurses.htm Accessed 10/5/2011
Aguliar F, (1999). Reconstruction of selfhood in international labour migration. Sojourn Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 14(1): 98-131
Bhabha N, (1996). Culture’s in-between, in Questions of cultural identity, London, Sage, Chapter 4, pp 87-109
Capling, A. (2008). Twenty years of Australian's engagement with Asia, The Pacific Review, 21(5): 601-633
Dillon, M. and Westbury, N. (2007). Beyond humbug: Government engagement with Indigenous Australia. West Lakes, South Australia: Seaview Press
George S, (2000)/ Dirty nurses and men who play: Gender and class. In: Buraway M, (ed) Transnational migration. Global Ethnographies. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp.144-177
Gibb T, Hamdon E, et al., (2008). Re/Claiming agency: Learning, liminality and immigrant service organizations. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 3(1): 4-16
Health Workforce Australia. (2012). Health Workforce 2025 doctors, nurses and midwives-Volume 1, hwa.gov.au
Henry, K, (2012a). Australia in the Asian Century, Submission summary, commissioned White Paper http://www.asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/ Accessed 16/7/2012
Henry, K. (2012b). Australia in the Asian Century, Submission summary, commissioned White Paper Available at http://www.asiancentury.dpmc.gov.au/submissions/summary Accessed 16/7/ 2012
Higgott, R. and Nossal, K. (1097). The International politics of liminality: Relocating Australia in the Asia Pacific. Australian Journal of Political Sciences 32(2): 169-185
King, J. (2006) Personal and social transition and the concept of informed liminality for Indigenous Australians with adult acquired physical disability. Social Change in the 21st Century. Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Social Change Research
Lawler, J. (1991). Behind the screen: Nursing, Somology and the problem of the body. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingston
National Health Workforce Taskforce. (2009). Health workforce in Australia and factors for current shortages. Melbourne: National Health Workforce Taskforce
Nursing and Midwifery Board Australia (2010) Framework for the assessment of internationally qualified nurses and midwives for registration
http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-and-Endorsement/International.aspx Accessed 10/2/ 2011
Omeri, A. and Atkins, K. (2002). Lived experiences of immigrant nurses in New South Wales, Australia: searching for meaning. International Journal of Nursing Studies 39(5): 495-505
Roy Morgan Research. (2012). Roy Morgan Image of Professions Survey, http://www.roymorgan.com/news/polls/2012/4777/ Accessed 23/7/ 2012
Turner, V. (1969). The Ritual Process: Structure and Anit-structure. Chicago: Adeline Publishing Company
Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of passage, Translated by Manika B Vizedom and Gabrilelle, L. Caffee, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Uttal, L. (2010). Liminal cultural work in family childcare: Latino immigrant family childcare providers and bicultural childrearing in the United States, 2002-2004, Peaedogogica Historica, 46(6): 731-742
Werbner, P. (2001). The limits of cultural hybridity: on ritual monsters, poetic license and contested postcolonial purifications, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 7(1): 133-152
Westwood, R. (2006). International business and management studies as an Orientalist discourse: a post colonial critique, Critical perspectives on international business, 2(2): 91-113
Xu, Y. (2007). Strangers in strange lands - A metasynthesis of lived experiences of immigrant Asian nurses working in western countries. Advances in Nursing Science 30(3): 246-265
Xu, Y..and Davidhizar, R. (2004). Conflict management styles of Asian and Asian American nurses: Implications for the nurse manager. The Health Care Manager 23(1): 46-53
Zhou, Y. and Windsor, C. et al. (2011). The concept of difference and the experience of China-educated nurses working in Australia: A symbolic interactionist exploration. International Journal of Nursing Studies 48(11): 1420:1428
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2014.118
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.